Inside Hypoglycemia: All You Need To Know

Hypoglycemia – it’s a term that often raises questions. What exactly is it? Let’s take a closer look.

Hypoglycemia occurs when your blood sugar levels drop too low. Blood sugar, or glucose, is the body’s main source of energy. When the level of glucose in the bloodstream falls below normal, it can cause a variety of symptoms and potentially be dangerous. Normal blood sugar levels typically range between 70 and 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) when fasting, and below 140 mg/dL after eating. Hypoglycemia usually refers to a blood sugar level below 70 mg/dL.

One of the most common causes of hypoglycemia is diabetes medications. People with diabetes who take insulin or certain types of oral hypoglycemic drugs are at risk. For example, if they take too much insulin, their body may produce more insulin than needed to process the glucose from a meal. This can quickly drive down blood sugar levels. Sometimes, changes in diet or exercise patterns without adjusting the medication dosage can also lead to hypoglycemia. If a diabetic person exercises more than usual but doesn’t eat enough to compensate, their body may use up glucose faster than expected.

Even for those without diabetes, skipping meals can cause hypoglycemia. When you don’t eat, your body doesn’t get the regular supply of glucose it needs. After several hours without food, the body starts to break down stored glycogen in the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. But if this process doesn’t provide enough glucose or if it’s used up too quickly, hypoglycemia can occur. This is especially true if you have a very active lifestyle or a high metabolism.

Drinking alcohol, especially on an empty stomach, can also trigger hypoglycemia. Alcohol affects the liver’s ability to release glucose. When you drink, the liver focuses on metabolizing the alcohol instead of releasing stored glucose. As a result, blood sugar levels can drop. This is why it’s important to eat something when you consume alcohol to help maintain stable blood sugar levels.

The symptoms of hypoglycemia can be quite noticeable. You may feel shaky or jittery, as if you’ve had too much caffeine. Sweating is also common, even when you’re not hot or exerting yourself. Your heart may start to race, and you might feel a sense of anxiety or nervousness. Hunger is another typical symptom, as your body is signaling that it needs more glucose. In more severe cases, you may experience confusion, have trouble speaking clearly, or even lose consciousness. It’s important to recognize these symptoms early, as untreated hypoglycemia can be dangerous.

Diagnosing hypoglycemia usually involves checking blood sugar levels during an episode of symptoms. A doctor may also order additional tests to determine the underlying cause. This can include a glucose tolerance test, which measures how your body responds to a sugary drink over time. In some cases, tests to evaluate the function of the pancreas, which produces insulin, may be done.

If you suspect hypoglycemia, it’s important to raise your blood sugar levels quickly. Eating or drinking something with fast – acting carbohydrates, like a few pieces of hard candy, a small glass of fruit juice, or glucose tablets, can help. Once your symptoms improve, you should follow up with a more substantial snack or meal that includes protein and complex carbohydrates to keep your blood sugar stable.

To prevent hypoglycemia, if you’re a diabetic, work with your healthcare provider to adjust your medication and insulin doses as needed. Always carry a source of fast – acting carbohydrates with you. For non – diabetics, make sure to eat regular meals and avoid skipping them. If you’re going to drink alcohol, have a snack beforehand.

In conclusion, hypoglycemia is a condition that can affect anyone, but those with diabetes are at higher risk. Understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment is crucial for maintaining good health and managing blood sugar levels effectively. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms of hypoglycemia, it’s important to take action and seek medical advice if necessary.