Pelvic floor disorders are more than just a physical health issue for women—they can also affect sexual well-being. A new study published in Sexual Medicine explores the challenges faced by women with weakened or damaged pelvic floors, highlighting how these conditions impact sexual function and activity.
How Pelvic Floor Disorders Affect Women’s Sexual Health
The study, led by researchers from St. Olavs Hospital, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), and the University Hospital of Northern Norway, delves into the connection between pelvic floor disorders and sexual health. The findings reveal that women with these disorders are more likely to avoid sexual activity compared to those without, with menopause and the recent onset of symptoms playing a significant role in these decisions.
Pelvic floor disorders can affect various bodily functions, from controlling urine and bowel movements to supporting internal organs like the bladder and uterus. These conditions often lead to symptoms such as incontinence, prolapse, and pelvic organ distress. The study included responses from 157 women, 111 of whom were sexually active. The results show that women who are not sexually active are typically older (8-10 years on average) and are more likely to be menopausal, reporting more severe pelvic floor disorders than their sexually active counterparts.
One of the most significant findings was that women with colorectal-anal distress—characterized by fear of fecal incontinence—experience the most profound impact on their sex life. This fear, combined with concerns that sexual activity could worsen the condition, can create a negative self-image and alter sensitivity, further complicating sexual function.
The study’s authors emphasize that healthcare providers need to address sexual health in women with pelvic floor disorders. “Discussions about sexual function should be a routine part of care, particularly for menopausal women and those with bowel-related issues,” said Associate Professor Susan Saga, one of the study’s lead researchers.
How to Improve Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a condition where the muscles and tissues in the pelvic area weaken or become overactive, leading to a variety of symptoms, including urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, and difficulty with bowel movements. This condition affects many women, particularly during pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. Fortunately, there are several effective ways to improve pelvic floor function and relieve associated symptoms.
1. Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels)
One of the most common and effective methods for improving pelvic floor dysfunction is pelvic floor exercises, often referred to as Kegels. These exercises involve contracting and relaxing the pelvic muscles to strengthen them. To perform Kegels, imagine stopping the flow of urine midstream, then hold the contraction for a few seconds before relaxing. It’s important to perform these exercises consistently—ideally, three sets of 10 repetitions each day. Over time, strengthening these muscles can help reduce urinary incontinence and improve pelvic support.
2. Physical Therapy
Pelvic floor physical therapy, guided by a trained specialist, can be highly beneficial for women with pelvic floor dysfunction. A physical therapist will assess the pelvic muscles and recommend specific exercises tailored to an individual’s needs. Manual therapy techniques may also be used to release tension in the pelvic area, and biofeedback may help women monitor muscle activity and progress during treatment.
3. Lifestyle Changes
Certain lifestyle adjustments can also support pelvic floor health. Maintaining a healthy weight helps reduce excess pressure on the pelvic area, preventing further strain on the muscles. Avoiding constipation by eating a high-fiber diet and staying hydrated can reduce strain during bowel movements, which can otherwise exacerbate pelvic floor issues. Additionally, women should avoid heavy lifting or other activities that increase abdominal pressure, especially if they already have weakened pelvic muscles.
4. Use of Vaginal Pessaries
For women with pelvic organ prolapse (when pelvic organs such as the bladder or uterus drop), vaginal pessaries can provide support. These devices are inserted into the vagina to help hold the organs in place, reducing symptoms such as bulging and discomfort. A healthcare provider can help determine if a pessary is suitable for a woman’s condition.
5. Surgical Options
In more severe cases of pelvic floor dysfunction, surgery may be necessary. Procedures like sling surgery for urinary incontinence or corrective surgery for pelvic organ prolapse may provide long-term relief. However, surgery is typically considered only when conservative treatments are ineffective.
Conclusion
Improving pelvic floor dysfunction is possible with a combination of exercises, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, medical devices or surgery. Women experiencing symptoms should consult a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for their specific condition.
While the research sheds light on a critical aspect of women’s health, it also highlights a challenge: sexual health remains a taboo subject for many women, which may have led to a lower response rate and incomplete survey data. Despite these challenges, the study offers valuable insights that can help guide healthcare providers in offering comprehensive care to women struggling with pelvic floor disorders.
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- Understanding Constipation: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
