Narcissism is a term that often gets thrown around, but many people don’t understand its complexities. There are two primary types of narcissism: covert and overt. Both have similar traits, but they manifest in different ways. Understanding these types can help you identify narcissistic behaviors in yourself or others, and also aid in dealing with such individuals.
Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. While these traits may seem obvious in some people, narcissism can be hidden behind different facades. Overt narcissism is what most people think of when they hear the term, but covert narcissism is equally prevalent, though less apparent. Both types share core narcissistic traits, but they express themselves in distinct ways. This article will delve into the key differences between covert and overt narcissism and how to recognize each.
1. Overt Narcissism: The Obvious Narcissist
Overt narcissists are the classic “in-your-face” examples of narcissism. They are usually easy to spot because they have a loud and boastful nature. These individuals constantly seek attention and validation from others. They often display their superiority openly, showing off their achievements, possessions, or appearance. If they do not receive the admiration they feel they deserve, they may become angry or manipulative.
2. Covert Narcissism: The Hidden Narcissist
Covert narcissism, on the other hand, is much harder to detect. These individuals still possess the same need for admiration and feelings of superiority, but they hide these traits under a more subtle and vulnerable exterior. Covert narcissists often play the victim role, seeking sympathy rather than attention. They may appear quiet, humble, or shy, but underneath this facade lies a constant need to be seen as special or unique.
3. Key Differences Between Covert and Overt Narcissism
While both covert and overt narcissism share common traits, their expressions differ significantly:
Outward Behavior: Overt narcissists are loud and boastful, while covert narcissists are more withdrawn and passive-aggressive.
Need for Attention: Overt narcissists crave direct admiration, while covert narcissists subtly fish for compliments or sympathy.
Reaction to Criticism: Overt narcissists often react with anger or defensiveness when criticized, while covert narcissists may sulk or display passive-aggressive behavior.
Sense of Victimhood: Covert narcissists tend to see themselves as victims, while overt narcissists view themselves as superior to others.
Manipulation: Both types are manipulative, but overt narcissists use more direct and blatant tactics, whereas covert narcissists rely on guilt-tripping or emotional manipulation.
4. Recognizing Covert Narcissism in Relationships
Covert narcissists are often harder to recognize in relationships, especially since they don’t have the same overt need for attention. Instead, they manipulate through guilt, emotional withdrawal, and the subtle insinuation that others are responsible for their unhappiness. In romantic relationships, a covert narcissist might make their partner feel like they are always walking on eggshells, unsure of how to please them.
5. The Impact of Overt Narcissism on Others
While covert narcissism can cause confusion and emotional exhaustion, overt narcissism is more direct in its impact. Overt narcissists may openly belittle others, demanding constant admiration and frequently creating chaos when they don’t receive the attention they think they deserve. Their lack of empathy for others often leads to toxic interactions, especially in work or family settings.
6. How to Deal With Covert and Overt Narcissists
Dealing with a narcissist, whether overt or covert, can be challenging. In both cases, setting clear boundaries is essential. For overt narcissists, it is often necessary to stand up to their behavior directly, while with covert narcissists, you may need to be more subtle, offering emotional distance or detachment. Understanding their behavior and motivations can help in developing effective strategies to protect yourself emotionally.
Closing Thoughts
While covert and overt narcissism share a core set of traits, their expressions differ greatly. Understanding these differences can help you recognize and deal with narcissistic behaviors more effectively. Whether in personal relationships, at work, or within your social circle, being aware of these traits allows you to protect your mental and emotional well-being.
5 FAQs About Covert Narcissism
1. What is the main characteristic of covert narcissism?
Covert narcissism is characterized by a hidden sense of superiority. Unlike overt narcissists, covert narcissists often mask their grandiosity behind a vulnerable or self-pitying facade.
2. How can you spot a covert narcissist?
Covert narcissists often play the victim and seek sympathy rather than attention. They may exhibit passive-aggressive behaviors, guilt-trip others, or seem emotionally withdrawn but expect special treatment.
3. Can covert narcissism be diagnosed?
Yes, covert narcissism is a recognized form of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). A licensed mental health professional can diagnose NPD based on specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
4. Is covert narcissism dangerous?
Yes, covert narcissism can be emotionally draining and manipulative. Although the behavior may be subtler than overt narcissism, it can still create toxic environments in relationships and workplaces.
5. How do covert narcissists react to criticism?
Covert narcissists typically react to criticism with self-pity or passive-aggressive behavior. Unlike overt narcissists, they may not outwardly lash out but will likely sulk or express hurt in a subtle manner.
Related topics:
- What Personality Disorders Are Similar To Narcissism?
- Narcissism vs Malignant Narcissism: What Is The Difference
- 10 Signs Of Covert Narcissism: Understanding The Subtle Traits
