A growing number of young men are turning to muscle-building products, like whey protein and creatine. However, new research suggests that excessive use of these supplements may be harming both their mental and physical health.
A recent study from Canada, published in PLOS Mental Health, reveals that young people who use multiple muscle-building supplements are more likely to develop muscle dysphoria, a condition where individuals are obsessed with a perceived lack of muscle mass or tone.
The study involved 2,730 Canadian participants aged 16 to 30, recruited via Instagram and Snapchat ads. The researchers assessed the use of six common supplements: amino acids, creatine, pre-workout drinks, protein bars, mass gainers, and whey protein powders. Protein bars were the most frequently consumed, followed by whey protein shakes and creatine.
Participants were also asked about their body image, including statements like, “I feel like I have too much body fat” or “I feel depressed when I miss a workout.” The results were concerning: 26% of the male participants scored above the threshold for muscle dysmorphia, which is characterized by an intense preoccupation with muscle size and tone.
The study found that supplement use was linked to higher levels of muscle dysmorphia symptoms, including a stronger “drive for size” (a desire for bigger muscles) and greater “functional impairment” (difficulty maintaining work or social life).
On a positive note, many supplement users reported feeling satisfied with their progress. However, experts warn that the pressure to build muscle can lead to obsessive behavior, such as excessive weightlifting, which may disrupt daily life.
Interestingly, the study also found that girls and women, too, were using supplements in pursuit of more toned muscles.
Although evidence is mixed on whether supplements live up to their claims, some, like creatine, have been shown to enhance muscle mass and strength when used correctly. Ganson emphasized that using supplements is not inherently problematic, but they can become addictive. Once young people start using them, it may be difficult to stop, especially when fueled by advice from social media.
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