Manic depression, now commonly called bipolar disorder, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood changes. These changes include emotional highs (called mania or hypomania) and lows (called depression).
When a person feels manic, they may feel overly happy, excited, or full of energy. When depressed, they may feel sad, hopeless, or very tired. These shifts can be very intense and can affect a person’s daily life, relationships, and ability to work or go to school.
Types Of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder
This type involves severe manic episodes that last at least 7 days or require hospitalization. Depressive episodes usually last at least 2 weeks. Sometimes, a person may experience mixed episodes—both mania and depression at once.
Bipolar II Disorder
This type includes patterns of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. Hypomania is less severe than full mania. People with Bipolar II usually do not have full manic episodes.
Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)
This form involves many periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that last at least 2 years. However, the symptoms are not as intense or long-lasting as full episodes of mania or depression.
What Causes Manic Depression?
The exact cause is not known. However, several factors may contribute:
- Genetics: It tends to run in families.
- Brain chemistry: Differences in brain structure or neurotransmitter levels can play a role.
- Stress or trauma: Major life changes, abuse, or trauma can trigger symptoms.
- Substance use: Alcohol or drug use can make the symptoms worse or trigger episodes.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Signs of a Manic Episode
- Feeling overly happy, excited, or irritable
- Talking very fast and jumping from one idea to another
- Needing little sleep
- Unrealistic beliefs in one’s abilities
- Risky behaviors (e.g., spending sprees, impulsive decisions)
Signs of a Depressive Episode
- Feeling sad, empty, or hopeless
- Loss of interest in favorite activities
- Fatigue or lack of energy
- Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Do You Have Manic Depression? Self-Assessment Questions
The following is not a diagnosis, but it may help you know if you should speak with a mental health professional:
- Have you ever felt so energetic or excited that others thought you were not yourself?
- Have you ever needed very little sleep for several days and still felt full of energy?
- Do you sometimes feel extremely sad or hopeless without clear reason?
- Do your mood changes affect your work, school, or relationships?
- Have you ever done things during high moods that later caused problems?
If you answered “yes” to several of these questions, it may be a good idea to speak to a mental health professional.
Professional Diagnosis and Medical Help
To diagnose bipolar disorder, a psychiatrist or mental health expert will look at your symptoms, your medical history, and sometimes your family history. They may use tools such as:
- Mood questionnaires
- Interviews with family or close friends
- Medical exams to rule out other problems
Getting a correct diagnosis is important because the treatment for bipolar disorder is different from treatments for other mood disorders like depression alone.
How To Manage Manic Depression
1. Medication
Medicine is often the first step. A doctor may prescribe:
- Mood stabilizers like lithium
- Antipsychotics to control mania or depression
- Antidepressants, usually combined with a mood stabilizer
It is important to take medication as prescribed. Stopping suddenly can cause episodes to return.
2. Therapy
Talking with a trained therapist can help you understand your condition and find ways to cope.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps you recognize and change negative thoughts
- Interpersonal Therapy: Focuses on relationships and managing social life
- Family Therapy: Helps families understand and support each other
3. Daily Routines
Routines help manage symptoms. Try to:
- Sleep at the same time every night
- Eat regular, healthy meals
- Exercise regularly
- Avoid alcohol and drugs
4. Support Networks
You don’t have to go through this alone. Consider:
- Joining a local or online support group
- Talking with trusted friends and family
- Keeping a mood journal to track how you feel over time
Managing a Manic Episode
When you feel yourself getting too “high,” try these steps:
- Slow down: Take deep breaths or meditate
- Avoid big decisions: Don’t make major changes or purchases
- Talk to someone: Let a therapist or trusted person know
- Follow your treatment plan: Take your medicine and stick to your routine
Managing a Depressive Episode
When you feel down, here are things that may help:
- Stay active: Even light activity helps your mood
- Talk: Don’t isolate yourself
- Use small goals: Break tasks into steps so they feel easier
- Use positive thinking: Remind yourself that the low feeling will pass
Can Manic Depression Be Cured?
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition. There is no cure, but it can be managed well. Many people live happy, successful lives with the right support, medication, and therapy. The key is to stick with your treatment plan and ask for help when you need it.
Helping A Loved One With Manic Depression
If someone close to you is struggling, you can help:
- Listen without judgment
- Learn about the disorder
- Encourage them to stay in treatment
- Watch for warning signs of an episode
- Take care of your own mental health too
When To Get Emergency Help
Sometimes a person with manic depression may feel suicidal or may be in danger. You should get emergency help if:
- They talk about ending their life
- They act in ways that could hurt themselves or others
- They are having hallucinations or delusions
You can call emergency services or a suicide hotline. In the U.S., you can call or text 988 for 24/7 help.
Living Well With Bipolar Disorder
Many people with manic depression lead full lives. The key is learning how to:
- Recognize your triggers
- Maintain a strong support system
- Keep regular medical appointments
- Set realistic goals
Conclusion
You are not alone. Manic depression can be challenging, but with the right support and treatment, it is possible to live a healthy, stable life. Be kind to yourself, take things one step at a time, and reach out when you need help.
Related topics:
- How To Get Out Of Manic Depression?
- Is Manic Depression A Disability
- Is Manic Depressive the Same as Bipolar Depression?
