In the recent sessions of the World Health Assembly (WHA), conservative countries have voiced objections to the inclusion of terms like “gender responsive” and “advancing gender mainstreaming” in discussions surrounding several resolutions, according to multiple sources familiar with the negotiations.
Concerns have also been raised regarding the use of phrases such as “gender equality” and “sexual,” alongside a longstanding opposition to the term “rights” in the context of sexual and reproductive health. Notably, references to “gender” have been omitted from the draft pandemic agreement by the World Health Organization (WHO), following objections from conservative member states, including Russia, Egypt, Iran, and Nigeria.
At least five other resolutions have encountered obstacles due to objections from conservative member states, affecting areas such as mental health, emergency preparedness, the economics of health, climate, and social participation. For instance, Nigeria initially opposed the terms “gender equality” and “advancing gender mainstreaming” in the resolution on the economics of health.
In another instance, Russia has advocated for the removal of “sexual” from the standard term “sexual and reproductive health.” Discussions on the resolution concerning climate and health have faced challenges over the use of “gender-responsive” policies, with objections stemming from concerns that such language could imply engagement with LGBTQ groups, although the rationale behind this objection remains unclear.
These objections represent a departure from established international agreements, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which were endorsed unanimously by all UN member states, including Russia, and include references to sexual health and gender.
Experts in sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) have emphasized the importance of protecting the progress made in this area. They highlight SRHR as essential for human rights, dignity, sustainable development, and a healthier planet. SRHR encompasses not only services to prevent unwanted pregnancies and reproductive illnesses but also the positive aspects of consensual sexual intimacy, respectful relationships, and the affirmation of diverse individuals and families.
The WHA has previously faced similar conflicts, as witnessed in 2022 during discussions on a global strategy for HIV, hepatitis B, and sexually transmitted infections. Delays ensued primarily due to objections from conservative member states regarding terminology related to sexual health and target populations for HIV treatment. Despite working by consensus, the strategy ultimately went to a vote and narrowly passed after extended deliberations.
The current debates underscore the ongoing challenges in achieving consensus on issues related to gender, sexuality, and reproductive health within international health forums.
