Scientists have uncovered nearly 300 new genetic factors linked to depression, providing a more accurate way to predict the risk of depression across different global populations. This landmark study, the largest and most diverse of its kind, highlights genetic variations that can impact the risk of depression regardless of ethnicity.
For the first time, researchers have found that genetic risk factors for depression are shared across major global populations, including individuals of African, East Asian, Hispanic, and South Asian descent. This global approach has revealed over 100 genetic variations that were previously unknown, offering a broader understanding of how depression may develop in different groups.
Historically, most research on depression genetics has focused on populations of European ancestry, limiting the effectiveness of treatments in other ethnic groups. This new research, however, includes data from more than five million people in 29 countries, with one in four participants coming from non-European backgrounds. The findings could lead to more inclusive and effective therapies for people with depression, reducing existing health disparities.
How the Research Works
Each of the newly discovered genetic variations has a small effect on an individual’s risk of developing depression. However, when these variations are combined, they can significantly increase the overall risk. By identifying these genetic links, scientists have improved their ability to predict an individual’s risk of depression, a critical step toward personalized medicine.
The study, led by the University of Edinburgh and King’s College London, identified 700 genetic variations linked to depression, nearly half of which had never been associated with the condition before. These variants are connected to neurons in the brain, particularly in regions that regulate emotions. This offers new insights into how depression affects the brain and could lead to better treatments in the future.
Potential for New Treatments
The research also highlights potential new treatment options. Existing medications, such as pregabalin (used for chronic pain) and modafinil (used for narcolepsy), could be repurposed for treating depression based on the genetic findings. However, further research and clinical trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness in treating depression.
The study, funded by the NIH, Wellcome, and the National Institute for Health and Care Research, was published in the journal Cell. It was part of an international collaboration involving scientists from across the world, including South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, the USA, Australia, Taiwan, and China.
Moving Forward
Professor Andrew McIntosh, co-lead of the study, emphasized the importance of larger, more globally representative studies to improve our understanding of clinical depression and develop better treatments. “These findings bring us closer to a more accurate understanding of depression’s biological causes,” he said.
Professor Cathryn Lewis, also a co-lead, added: “Our study highlights the polygenic nature of depression and opens new pathways for developing better care for those suffering from the disorder.”
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