Arthritis is a widespread condition, especially among older adults. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 58 million adults in the United States suffer from arthritis. “Arthritis is a common issue that can affect people of all ages, but it’s particularly prevalent in the elderly,” says Dr. John Whyte, a physician in Washington D.C. and Chief Medical Officer at WebMD.
Although arthritis is often seen as a challenge for seniors, it is typically manageable for most people. However, some individuals may be more prone to developing it than others.
What Is Arthritis?
Arthritis is an inflammation in one or more joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Along with these symptoms, swelling and tenderness in the joints are also common. While people often think of arthritis as a single disease, there are actually over 100 types. The most common form is osteoarthritis, with about half of Americans experiencing it in at least one joint during their lifetime, according to Dr. Ahmed Elghawy, a rheumatologist at Cleveland Clinic.
Dr. Whyte explains that osteoarthritis results from wear and tear of joint cartilage. On the other hand, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints.
What Causes Arthritis?
Arthritis can develop due to a variety of factors. Some individuals are more likely to develop arthritis because of their weight. “People who are overweight or obese are more likely to develop osteoarthritis due to the added pressure on their joints,” says Dr. Brent Lambson, a sports medicine physician at Revere Health Orthopedics in Utah.
Infections, past injuries, or personal habits like smoking can also increase the risk of arthritis. Dr. Lambson notes that women are more likely to develop arthritis than men. The elderly are particularly at risk due to the natural breakdown of cartilage over time, often from years of joint use and aging.
People with autoimmune conditions may also be more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. “When the immune system attacks the joints, it causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness,” explains Dr. Vivek Nagaraja, a rheumatologist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona.
Genetics may also play a role. “If several family members experience arthritis in the same area, you may be more likely to develop arthritis in that same area,” says Dr. Elghawy.
How to Treat Arthritis
If you experience joint pain, swelling, stiffness, or increased warmth or redness, it’s important to consult a doctor. A healthcare provider can diagnose the type of arthritis through imaging and blood tests.
The first line of treatment often includes lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, managing weight, exercising regularly, and practicing good posture. Depending on the type of arthritis, treatments may also involve physical therapy, medications like anti-inflammatories or steroids, or in some cases, surgery.
With the right care and self-management, people with arthritis can continue to live active and fulfilling lives. Dr. Elghawy emphasizes that with proper medical attention, most people can carry on with their daily routines.
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