Experts Identify Strong Predictors Of Dementia And Share Prevention Tips

Dementia affects nearly 10% of older adults in the U.S., making it a major concern for aging populations. Now, new research provides a clearer picture of the risk factors for developing the disease, as well as ways to reduce those risks.

The study, conducted by economists at the RAND Corporation, examined data from around 20,000 people who participated in the Health and Retirement Study. This long-term study tracks Americans over the age of 50. The researchers analyzed 181 potential risk factors to determine which were most likely to predict dementia and cognitive decline in the years after turning 60.

The findings revealed several strong predictors of dementia, while also identifying factors with less influence.

The study showed that individuals born in the southern U.S., along with Black and Hispanic populations, face a higher risk of dementia. However, these risks can be mitigated with certain lifestyle changes.

The study identified the following as the strongest predictors of dementia:

• Poor physical health
• History of stroke
• Lack of private health insurance at age 60
• Minimal work experience
• Diabetes or a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher
• Lack of physical activity
• Low scores on physical tests such as breathing, grip strength, walking speed, and balance
• Never drinking alcohol or excessive alcohol consumption
• Lack of responsible personality traits
• Certain genetic factors
• No hobbies or activities that promote learning

The study also found that the following factors have a weaker connection to dementia risk:

• Parental health
• Family size
• Marital history
• Race and ethnicity

Although this research was conducted by economists, doctors who specialize in dementia care agree with many of the findings.

Dr. Clifford Segil, a neurologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, highlighted the strong link between poor health, stroke, and diabetes with dementia. However, he was surprised to see the lack of private health insurance and minimal work history as significant risk factors.

Ryan Glatt, a brain health coach at Pacific Neuroscience Institute, acknowledged that the study’s findings are observational and do not establish direct cause-and-effect relationships. However, he emphasized the importance of lifestyle changes, such as physical exercise, cognitive engagement, and managing chronic conditions like diabetes, to reduce dementia risk.

Experts agree that staying mentally and physically active is crucial to lowering dementia risk. Regular exercise, maintaining social connections, and engaging in activities that promote cognitive health are key. Dr. Segil suggests that people should also focus on maintaining good overall health and continuing to work or pursue hobbies in retirement.

If you are concerned about your risk or have a family history of dementia, consulting with a doctor is important. A healthcare provider can offer personalized advice on how to reduce your risk and promote brain health.