Measles cases are increasing in the U.S., prompting many to question if they need a booster shot. With the rise in infections, it’s important to know whether your vaccine protection is still sufficient.
After the COVID-19 pandemic, measles infections have surged. In 2024, the U.S. saw the highest number of cases since 2019, totaling 285. Already in 2025, states like Texas, New Mexico, Alaska, Georgia, New York, and Rhode Island have reported new cases.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that vaccination is the best way to protect against measles. Experts emphasize staying up-to-date with your shots.
“Measles outbreaks are happening right now,” said Dr. Tina Tan, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Northwestern University. “Many unvaccinated people travel to regions with active outbreaks, become infected, and bring the virus back home.”
While most vaccinated individuals have lifelong immunity, some may need an additional dose. Here’s what you should know.
What is Measles and How to Prevent It
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection. It causes fever, cough, runny nose, and a rash. Serious complications, such as blindness, pneumonia, and encephalitis (brain inflammation), can occur, and some cases can be fatal.
Before the vaccine was introduced in 1963, measles led to around 2.6 million deaths each year worldwide.
The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is highly effective. The CDC recommends two doses for children: the first at 12 to 15 months and the second at 4 to 6 years old.
“If an outbreak is occurring, you can give the second dose of the vaccine as early as 28-30 days after the first dose,” Dr. Tan added.
Can Adults Get the Vaccine?
Adults who have not received the MMR vaccine should consider getting at least one dose. The CDC advises that people born before 1957 generally don’t need the vaccine, as they are likely immune from previous infection.
How to Check Immunity
You can check your immunity using a blood test called a titer, which measures antibodies. However, experts often don’t recommend this test. According to the CDC, one dose of the MMR vaccine is 93% effective, and two doses are 97% effective. Once fully vaccinated, you are generally protected for life.
Dr. Shira Doron, chief infection control officer at Tufts Medicine, explained that a record of two MMR doses is a better sign of immunity than a titer test, which may not always reflect true immunity.
If you’re unsure about your vaccination status, you can request a titer test, but it’s best to consult your healthcare provider first. People working in healthcare may need a titer test if they are at high risk of exposure.
Do You Need a Booster Shot?
For those who received two MMR doses, experts agree that you do not need a booster shot. However, there are some exceptions.
People vaccinated before 1968 may need an additional shot because the vaccine used before that time wasn’t as effective. Also, if you don’t have records of your vaccination, or if you cannot confirm when or if you were vaccinated, getting another dose is safe.
The MMR vaccine is safe, and there’s no harm in getting an additional shot, even if you are already immune. Dr. Doron suggested that if you live in an area with an outbreak, it’s a good idea to check if your vaccinations are up to date.
While it is possible to get measles even if fully vaccinated, the likelihood is small. The CDC reports that about 3% of people who receive two doses of the MMR vaccine may still contract the virus. However, these individuals tend to experience milder symptoms and are less likely to spread measles.
“In an outbreak, even fully vaccinated people may contract measles because the vaccine’s effectiveness is not 100%,” Dr. Doron explained. “This is why it’s crucial to maintain high vaccination rates to prevent the virus from spreading.”
Read more:
- How To Tell Viral From Bacterial Infection?
- Can Ozempic And Other Diabetes Drugs Help Reduce Copd Flare-Ups?
- New Study Shows Yogurt May Lower Risk Of Certain Colorectal Cancers
