What Should I Do If My Newborn Has a Cold?

Newborns have delicate immune systems that are still developing. While they inherit some immunity from their mothers, it’s not enough to fully protect them from the wide range of viruses that cause colds. There are over 200 different cold – causing viruses, and even a brief exposure can make a baby sick. Babies, especially in their first few months, are more likely to catch a cold as their immune systems are not yet robust enough to fight off these viruses effectively.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Cold in Newborns

Nasal Congestion and Discharge

A stuffed or runny nose is often the first sign that your newborn has a cold. Initially, the nasal discharge may be thin and clear, but over a few days, it can become thicker and change color to yellowish – green. This change in color is normal and doesn’t necessarily mean the cold is getting worse. Nasal congestion can make it difficult for your baby to breathe, especially when feeding or sleeping. You may notice your baby breathing more rapidly or making grunting sounds as they try to clear their airways.

Fussiness and Irritability

Newborns with colds are often fussy and irritable. They may cry more than usual, have trouble settling down, and seem generally uncomfortable. This is because they are not feeling well, and the congestion and other symptoms are bothering them. The discomfort can also disrupt their sleep patterns, making it hard for them to fall asleep or stay asleep for long periods.

Coughing and Sneezing

Coughing, especially at night, and sneezing are common symptoms of a cold in newborns. The cough may start out as a mild, occasional cough but can become more frequent as the cold progresses. Sneezing helps the body expel the mucus and viruses from the nasal passages. However, a persistent cough can be concerning, as it may indicate that the cold is affecting the lower respiratory tract.

Reduced Appetite

Your baby may show a reduced interest in breastfeeding or taking a bottle. Nasal congestion can make it difficult for them to breathe while sucking, so they may become frustrated and stop feeding. A decreased appetite can also be a sign that your baby is not feeling well and may need extra attention.

Fever

In some cases, a newborn with a cold may develop a fever. A fever is the body’s way of fighting off the infection. However, a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher in a baby under 3 months old is a serious concern and requires immediate medical attention. Even a slightly elevated temperature in a newborn should not be ignored, as it could be a sign of a more serious illness.

Possible Illnesses Mistaken for a Cold in Newborns

Flu

The flu can present with symptoms similar to a cold in newborns, but it often comes with additional symptoms such as chills, vomiting, and diarrhea. Newborns with the flu may also have headaches, muscle aches, or sore throats, although they are unable to communicate these symptoms. Flu can be more severe than a common cold, and it’s important to get medical advice if you suspect your baby has the flu.

Pneumonia

A cold can sometimes progress to pneumonia, especially in newborns with weak immune systems. Symptoms of pneumonia include chills, flushed skin, sweating, high fever, vomiting, a worsening cough, rapid breathing, or difficulty breathing. In severe cases, a baby with pneumonia may develop a bluish tint to the lips or finger beds, which is a sign of low oxygen levels and requires immediate hospitalization.

Croup

Croup is another condition that can develop from a cold in newborns. It is characterized by difficulty breathing, hoarseness, and a barking cough. Babies with croup may also make a high – pitched sound when breathing, known as stridor, which indicates obstructed airflow. Croup can be scary for parents, but with proper medical treatment, most babies recover well.

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

RSV is a common virus that can cause respiratory infections in babies. It can be particularly serious for newborns because their airways are small and easily blocked. Symptoms of RSV include coughing, sneezing, fever, and difficulty breathing. Premature infants and babies with underlying health conditions are at a higher risk of severe RSV infections.

Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles). It is a common cause of hospitalization in preterm infants. Viral bronchiolitis is often caused by RSV. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, rapid breathing, and difficulty feeding.

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Whooping cough is a respiratory infection that causes congestion, sneezing, and a severe cough. In babies under one year of age, it can be very serious. The cough associated with whooping cough has a distinct “whooping” sound. Vaccination can help prevent whooping cough in both caregivers and babies.

Causes of Colds in Newborns

Colds in newborns are caused by viruses, specifically upper respiratory infections. These viruses can live in the air and on hard surfaces for short periods, making it easy for them to spread. Newborns can catch a cold through direct contact with an infected person, such as when someone sneezes or coughs near them. They can also pick up the virus from touching contaminated surfaces and then putting their hands in their mouths or noses.

Babies who are around older children are more likely to get colds, as older kids are often exposed to more germs. Even a visit to the pediatrician’s office, a cuddle with a well – meaning adult, or a trip to the store can expose your baby to germs. Breastfed babies have some additional protection, as breast milk contains antibodies, white blood cells, and enzymes that help safeguard them from infection. However, this does not mean breastfed babies are completely immune from colds.

What to Do When Your Newborn Has a Cold

Keep the Airway Clear

One of the most important things you can do is to keep your baby’s airway clear. Use a nasal bulb syringe to gently suction mucus from your baby’s nose. Be careful not to overdo it, as this can irritate the nasal passages. You can also use saline nasal drops to moisten the mucus and make it easier to remove. Follow the instructions on the saline drop bottle carefully. A vaporizer can also help moisten the air in your baby’s room, which can soothe their nasal passages and make breathing easier. Just make sure to clean the vaporizer regularly to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold.

Provide Adequate Hydration

Make sure your baby is getting enough fluids. If your baby is breastfeeding, continue to breastfeed frequently. Breast milk not only provides hydration but also contains antibodies that can help fight the infection. If your baby is formula – fed, make sure to offer the usual amount of formula. If your baby is having trouble feeding due to nasal congestion, take breaks during feeding to let them breathe. You can also try elevating the head of your baby’s bed slightly (using a firm support under the mattress, never a pillow) to make it easier for them to breathe while feeding.

Dress Your Baby Appropriately

Dress your baby in loose, comfortable clothing. If your baby has a fever, don’t overdress them, as this can make the fever worse. A onesie and a light blanket are usually sufficient. If the room is cool, you can add a hat to help keep your baby warm. However, if your baby’s temperature is normal, you don’t need to over – bundle them.

Monitor Your Baby’s Symptoms

Keep a close eye on your baby’s symptoms. Note any changes in their breathing, fever, appetite, or behavior. If you notice any worsening of symptoms, such as increased difficulty breathing, a high fever that doesn’t go down, or a significant decrease in appetite, contact your pediatrician immediately.

Psychological Considerations for Your Baby

Newborns may not be able to understand what’s happening to them, but they can sense when they are not feeling well. The discomfort of a cold can make them feel anxious and insecure. As a parent, your presence and soothing touch can have a big impact on your baby’s emotional state. Hold your baby close, talk to them in a gentle voice, and rock them to help them feel safe and comforted. Skin – to – skin contact can also be very soothing for a sick baby. This physical closeness can release endorphins in both you and your baby, which can help reduce stress and promote a sense of well – being.

When to See a Doctor

Any illness in a baby under 3 months old is a reason to call their pediatrician, especially if they are running a fever. A fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher in a baby under 3 months old requires immediate medical attention. You should also call your doctor if your older baby has a persistent fever or other concerning symptoms.

If your baby has any of the following symptoms, they should see a doctor:

Remember, it’s always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to your baby’s health. Your pediatrician is the best person to advise you on how to care for your sick baby and when further medical intervention is needed.

When your newborn has a cold, vigilant monitoring is of utmost importance. Symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and alterations in feeding and sleeping habits need close attention. Maintaining proper hydration is essential, as colds can cause dehydration, and regular breastfeeding or formula feeding should be ensured. Clearing the baby’s nasal passages with a bulb syringe helps with breathing. Keeping the baby at an appropriate temperature is also key. However, if the situation deteriorates, such as the appearance of a high fever, rapid breathing, or excessive irritability, immediate medical help is necessary. Given a newborn’s underdeveloped immune system, it’s always safer to consult a healthcare professional whenever there is uncertainty.