A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, released this week, sheds light on the growing disconnect between state and federal cannabis policies, highlighting significant public health risks associated with the booming cannabis market in the United States. With over half of U.S. states legalizing cannabis for medical or recreational use, the report calls for federal leadership to establish consistent national standards for cannabis quality and potency.
Dr. Steven Teutsch, chair of the committee that authored the report, emphasized that while states have rapidly developed commercial cannabis markets focusing on sales and revenue, public health considerations have often been overlooked. “We’re now playing catch-up,” he said, underscoring the need for regulations that prioritize health and safety.
Key Takeaways from the Report:
Cannabis Use Surpasses Alcohol: For the first time, data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) indicates that more U.S. adults consume cannabis daily than alcohol. In 2022, over 17 million adults reported near-daily cannabis use, a stark rise from fewer than 1 million in 1992. This surge reflects both increased accessibility and a significant drop in prices for cannabis products.
Potency Concerns: The concentration of THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis, has dramatically increased, leading to stronger products that can result in unintended overconsumption. Dr. Yasmin Hurd, director of the Addiction Institute at Mt. Sinai, noted that cannabis concentrates can contain THC levels as high as 90%, raising concerns about safety, particularly among inexperienced users.
Hemp-Derived Products Slip Through Regulations: The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp-derived substances like CBD and delta-8 THC, allowing their sale even in states where cannabis remains illegal. However, these products often lack regulatory oversight, posing health risks as their psychoactive properties can be artificially enhanced. The report urges Congress to close these loopholes.
Research Barriers: Despite the growing legalization of cannabis, research on its health effects remains limited due to its classification as a Schedule I substance. This status complicates the ability for researchers to obtain cannabis for studies. The report advocates for the reclassification of cannabis to facilitate more comprehensive research.
Public Perception vs. Risks: Legalization has led many to perceive cannabis as a safer alternative, overshadowing potential health risks such as psychosis and cannabis use disorder. Dr. Pamela Ling from UCSF urges a public health framework to inform consumers about the risks, especially for vulnerable populations like youth and pregnant women. The report advocates for targeted public health campaigns and better training for cannabis retail staff.
As the cannabis market continues to evolve, the report emphasizes the necessity for a cohesive federal strategy to ensure public safety and health. By adopting best practices from alcohol and tobacco control, policymakers can effectively regulate cannabis while safeguarding the well-being of all Americans.
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